By YERETH ROSEN
Alaska Beacon
For U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola, the Democrat who won August’s special election to serve the remainder of the late Don Young’s term, Tuesday’s fishery-focused candidate debate in Kodiak was an opportunity to draw sharp contrasts with her three rivals.
Peltola defended the ongoing efforts to update the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act – an effort in which she is immersed, as a member on the House Resources Committee and as a new federal legislator who got into the race in part because of her concerns about faltering fisheries.
The act, originally passed in 1976, governs fisheries in federal waters around the nation through regional management councils. For the federal waters off Alaska, source of the nation’s biggest harvests, the body is the North Pacific Fishery Management Council.
The act and the North Pacific Council both need updates, Peltola said. Much has changed since the last update, which was in 2007, including the warming climate, she said. In Alaska, fish-dependent communities have shifted from abundance to scarcity – not just her home region of the Kuskokwim River, which has suffered through successive salmon run failures, but regions around the state. And the council system set up by federal act has not responded adequately, she said.
“The reason that this effort came about is because the process of working with the council works well for the biggest, the wealthiest, the most connected among us. But if you don’t happen to be big and wealthy and connected, it is very hard to get any inroads in the council process,” she said.
But the changes being contemplated – including the addition of two tribal seats on the North Pacific Council, tighter limits of harvests of forage fish, and a mechanism for stricter rules on bycatch, the accidental harvests of nontargeted species – drew criticism from the other three candidates.
“This is a Democrat-pushed bill led by a legislator from the state of California,” Republican businessman Nick Begich said, referring to Rep. Jared Huffman, chairman of the House Natural Resources Committee’s Water, Ocean and Wildlife Subcommittee.
He characterized proposals to tighten bycatch-limiting authority as dangerous. The proposed rewording “could put family businesses and larger businesses in jeopardy. These businesses are making large capital investments that span many years and horizons and this has the potential to close off fisheries without any answer to what happens to those businesses, what happens to those investments, what happens to those families,” Begich said.
Former Gov. Sarah Palin, another Republican, said she opposes the reauthorization as proposed “because I don’t know enough about it. I don’t think any of us know enough about it intricately. But that’s a problem with the federal government, too. They allow changes to be made where there’s so much ambiguity, there’s so much flexibility given to the bureaucrats. The bureaucrats get to make the decisions. They don’t care about the science. They care about the politics involved.”
Libertarian Chris Bye, a Fairbanks fishing guide, said he opposes the reauthorization “because it lacks local and state input. It’s literally being drawn up by bureaucrats who will never suffer the consequences of their decision-making in D.C.” He said he appreciates the addition of two more Alaska seats to the council, but “I would appreciate it if it was more Interior-focused and not necessarily based on color of skin.”
Candidates differ on approaches to bycatch reduction.
Peltola, who is in the process of piecing together the act’s reauthorization, pushed back against the criticism.
“I am carrying forward Don Young’s legacy in working on this bill,” she said
And giving regulators more power to limit bycatch is important, she said.
“I’m not interested in punishing small-boat fishermen,” she said. “But when we’re talking about industrial fishing, we’re talking about millions of metric tons of juvenile halibut, salmon and crab thrown overboard every year. And this has been going on for 30 years,” she said. When rural people who need wild fish and game to feed their families are “ratcheting back and they’re at about a third of their need, and industrial fishing isn’t ratcheting back, something’s wrong.”
Palin placed much of the blame for bycatch on foreign fishing fleets. And she said she believes bycatch rather than climate change is depressing the fish stocks.
“The bycatch issue, that’s obvious. You can be out there watching what happens and this decimation of some of our stock because of the bycatch issue,” she said. Other countries, she said, “don’t seem to care” about the impacts. “And it comes down to enforcing our laws. We can talk a lot about studies of the climate change, studies of who’s doing what out there. But all there seems to be coming from the feds is studies and talks. And let’s reinforce our existing laws and figure out how to balance all of this, especially – again – tackling what’s most obvious, and that is this disrespect for the conservation that needs to be first and foremost in our fisheries, by – again – other countries, especially trawlers.”
Begich downplayed climate change as an issue for fisheries-protection action. “There’s nothing we can do about it. There’s nothing that Congress can do to change the climate of the Earth.” Instead, he said, government officials should consider predator control to boost fisheries. “That’s something that I hear from people in coastal Alaska all the time, that the predators of these fish are getting out of control and we’ve got to do more to manage predation,” he said.
The House candidates’ debate in Kodiak was one of three in a series held Monday and Tuesday that were part of a tradition going back three decades. The events, touted as the state’s only candidate forums focused specifically on fisheries, were hosted by the Kodiak Chamber of Commerce and broadcast on Kodiak public radio station KMXT.
Begich, Palin and Bye spent much of the Tuesday night forum bashing the federal government in general and the Biden administration in particular. Their criticism extended beyond fisheries issues to oil, mining and other resource issues.
“The federal government’s role in our life is supposed to be tiny, and yet, they’re out of control,” Palin said. She repeatedly called for more Alaska access to develop the state’s “God-given resources,” both renewable and non-renewable.
Peltola stuck to fishery issues.
Beyond Magnuson-Stevens Act changes, she said she wants to extend some U.S. Agriculture Department benefits programs to fisheries. She also said she hopes to improve the process through which seafood companies hire workers with H-2B visas, a type of temporary work permit on which the industry has relied for staffing processing plants. The industry needs a reliable workforce, Peltola said. “If we have to import them, then we have to make sure that those people are here legally and appropriately,” she said.
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